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Rosemary

Includes: Rosmarinus, family Lamiaceae

Folk Names: Boþen, Rosmaris, Rosmarine, Rosemarie, Compass Weed, Dew of the Sea, Sea Dew, Elf Leaf, Guardrobe, Polar Plant, Incensier, and Pilgrim’s Flower

Scientific Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis / Salvia Rosmarinus (Rosemary); Rosmarinus Eriocalyx / Salvia Jordanii (Algerian Rosemary); Rosmarinus Tomentosus / Salvia Granatensis (Cliff Rosemary)

Conservation Status: Wild populations are listed as S1 globally ("Critically Imperiled"); Apalachicola Rosemary (Conradina Glabra) is listed as Endangered

Native Regions: Mediteranean region, plus Portugal and northwestern Spain

Naturalized Regions: China, Britain

Invasive Regions: "Potentially invasive", regions not specified

Physical Description: Fragrant perennial shrub with evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers.

Scent Description: Fresh, clean, and strong, somewhat minty; woody-herbaceous, with a balsamic body, and slight bitterness.

Oil Product Description: Pale yellow to almost colorless.

Scent Synergies: Citruses

Wildlife and Livestock Uses: None.

Gardening Uses: Hardy in zones 8 to 11 (Woodward) or zones 8 to 10 (Crosson). Thrives in full sun and well draining soil, and also does well in pots and containers. Has a deep root system. Pest resistant and drought tollerant, Rosemary plants can live for 35 years or longer if well taken care of in the proper climate, and are easily propagated via cuttings; a border with Hyssop, Lavender, and Rosemary is an aromatic trio that will attract polinators. Trailing varieties make good groundcover.

Handling Concerns: None.

Growing Concerns: Poor cold tolerance (Pendo-Perenial in cold zones); requires significant cold protection, or overwintering indoors if in zone 8 and below unless cold hardy cultivars are chosen (such as 'Arp'). Cannot tolerate being over watered. Seeds are difficult to start, with low germination rates; slow growing.

Medicinal Uses: Antimicrobial, Antiseptic, Liver-Protective, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Stimulant, Rubefacient

Compounds Known: Rosmarinic Acid, Carnosic Acid, Camphor, Linalool, Caffeic Acid, Borneol, Ursolic Acid, Betulinic Acid, Carnosol

Concerns & Contraindications:

Culinary Uses: Mediterranean and Levantine Cuisine- especially in stews and paried with meats (Lamb, Pork, Poultry); American Cusine- especially in dishes like Stuffing ("Dressing"), and with certain vegetables (Potatoes). Common as a seasoning in certain artisanal breads.

Practical Uses: As a strewing herb it is a pest repellant; common in the fragrance industry for use in incense, body products, and cleaning products.

Magical Uses: Protection from the Evil Eye (Rubin, Woodward, Watts); Protection against Harm & Spirits (Inkwright, Cunningham, Dugan, Woodward, Watts); Deters Thieves (Inkwright, Cunningham); Dispelling Nightmares (Cunningham, Crosson); Cleansing & Purification (Inkwright, Cunningham, Crosson, Woodward, Watts); Remembrance, especially of Ancestors & the Dead (Inkwright, Dugan, Crosson, Woodward, Watts); Memory (Inkwright, Cunningham, Dugan, Crosson, Woodward, Watts); Health (Cunningham, Watts); Youthfulness (Cunningham, Watts); Beauty (Woodward); Friendship (Woodward); "Psychic Powers" (Cunningham, Dugan); "Otherworldly Knowledge" and Divination (Cunningham, Crosson, Watts); Attraction of Land Spirits (Cunningham, Crosson, Watts); Connection to the Sea (Cunningham, Crosson); Safe Travels, especially across Water (Cunningham, Woodward); Bringing or Keeping Love (Inkwright, Crosson, Woodward, Watts); Lust (Crosson); Fertility (Crosson, Watts); Rest (Woodward, Watts)

Additional Notes: Sources are Rosmarinus Officinalis / Salvia Rosmarinus dominant, and other Rosemary species are never mentioned. Given the ease of hybridization between the other types of Rosemary, however, and their descriptive similarities, I see no reason these properties should not realistically extend to all Rosmarinus members. divider

In Jewish folk traditions, it was equated with protection from physical, spiritual, emotional and mental harm. In both Sephardic and Ashkenazi traditions, rosemary was known in particular as one of the most holy herbs to protect against the ayin harah (evil eye), and so sprigs of rosemary would be carried inside pockets, placed on an altar, or used in amulets for protection. It also represents a symbolic connection to ancestors and the remembrance of loved ones.

Rosemary is incredibly antiseptic and anti-inflammatory, and contains important volatile oils and diterpenes including rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, camphor, and linalool. Its extracts are incorporated in many Alzheimer’s medications to help offset the impacts of memory loss. It has widely been used for cleansing, detoxing, memory and cognitive function, gastrointestinal issues, immunity, and more.

'Ancestral Herbalism: Jewish Traditions and the Divinity of Rosemary' by Laura Rubin (via At The Well)

Also known as Compass Weed, Incensier, and Pilgrim’s Flower, tame Rosemary is a household herb at heart. It thrive’s best when a woman is in charge of the household, and is said to die when she moves away. When grown or dried and hung on the doorpost it deters thieves; twigs hung above the bed act as protection against spirits [while sleeping]- and in Ireland was especially believed to protect against a child being replaced with a Changeling. It was also a popular strewing herb during Christmastime in the Medieval ages- though for no particular reason other than having a pleasant scent. It is an excellent incense in general, but especially a purification incense, and when burned drives away evil spirits and negativity. When stored next to other herbs cleanses them of negative [spiritual] influences.

Rosemary has long been associated with memory and remembrance as well; Grecian students would braid it into their hair to help with tests. But it was also thrown into graves to ensure a dead person would not be forgotten. Love, too, was also under its supposed purview, and a popular charm to bring love was to tie three sprigs together with red thread and place them beneath your door mat. For keeping a personal love instead, they could be placed beneath the mattress.

'Folk Magic and Healing: An Unusual History of Everyday Plants' by Fez Inkwright

Rosemary Oil is typically direct steam distilled from the flowers, leaves and twigs of Rosmarinus Officinalis which is found in numerous forms and subvarieties across the Mediterranean region- though the twigs are only included in distillations in some regions. One or two distillers also specialize in “Rosemary Flower Oil”, distilled exclusively from flower material at full inflorescence.

Quality Rosemary Oil is a pale yellow or almost colorless liquid of strong, fresh, woody-herbaceous, somewhat minty and forest like odor. The “high'' fresh notes vanish quickly, yielding to a clean, woody balsamic body note which tones out in a dry herbaceous, but very pleasant and tenacious, bitter-sweet note.

For “Rosemary Flower Oil”, upon distillation, this yields a very fine and delicate perfume oil, excellent for use in colognes, lavender waters, etc. Characteristic of poorer oils is the pronounced camphoraceous cinepolis note which is different from the herbaceous: it is coarser, less delicate, less pleasant. These oils usually display a dryout note reminiscent of eucalyptus residues (oily, resinous, rancid), sweeter and less woody than the note from good oils.

Apart from a very high amount of monoterpenes, rosemary oil contains a significant amount of Borneol, a crystalline terpene alcohol, but this is also the main oxygenated component of the oil. Rosemary oil is, accordingly, not very soluble in diluted alcohol (below 80%), but as a low boiling and fresh smelling oil it has good effect as a masking agent, particularly for phenolic or tar-like odors; it blends well with lavandin, lavender, citronella, origanum or thyme, pine, coumarin, labdanum, olibanum, elemi, terpinyl propionate, isobornyl propionate, cedarwood and derivatives, methyl ionones, petitgrain, nitromusks, etc.

Rosemary Oil is occasionally adulterated with White Camphor Oil, or with head fractions from the rectification of Spanish eucalyptus oil; furthermore, with turpentine fractions, fractions from the production of synthetic terpineol, light cedarwood fractions, etc. Contamination can also occur with oil from the plant Salvia Lavandulaefolia, or Spanish Sage, which contains large amounts of cineole / eucalyptol.

'Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin' by Steffen Arctander

Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.), also called in the texts by Rosmarinum, and Boþen, grows in sandy soil and in gardens*. The Old English term, wyrtbett* — “plant bed or garden plot” — supports the idea that many of these plants were grown in special beds.
  1. For toothache, take the root of the plant we call Rosmarinum and give it to eat. Without delay, it will relieve the toothache. If the juice is held in the mouth, it will quickly heal the teeth.
  2. For the sickly, take the plant Rosmarinum, pound it with oil, and rub it on the person. You will heal him wonderfully.
  3. For itching, take the same plant, pound it, and mix its juice with aged wine and warm water. Give it to drink for three days.
  4. For liver and abdominal disease, take a handful of this same plant, pound it into water, and mix with it two handfuls of spikenard and some stalks of rue. Simmer together in water and give it to drink. The person will get better.
  5. For fresh wounds, take the same plant we call Rosmarinum, pound it with lard, and lay it onto the wound.

'Medieval Herbal Remedies: The Old English Herbarium and Anglo-Saxon Medicine' by Anne van Arsdall

Protection, Mental Powers, Exorcism, Purification, Healing, Sleep, and Youth.

One of the oldest known incenses. When burned it's a powerful cleansing and purifying herb that rids a place of negativity- especially beneficial prior to performing magic; ensures a good sleep and drives away nightmares when placed beneath the pillow. But laid under the bed, it protects the sleeper from all harm. Hung on the porch and doorposts, keeps thieves from the house.

It is also a strong curative; a chaplet of rosemary aids memory and health- while the wood, smelled often, preserves youthfulness. Likewise it purifies the body and spirit, and preserves youthfulness, as a bath additive. Healing poppets are stuffed with Rosemary, and a Rosemary Tea is used to wash the hands before healing work. The leaves mixed with Juniper Berries are also burned as an incense to promote healing.

It can be used for clairvoyance and otherworldly knowledge as well. If you wish to receive knowledge or the answer to a question, burn rosemary on charcoal and smell its smoke. Rosemary is also grown to attract elves and other Land Spirits. It can also be used generally as a substitute for Frankincense.

'Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs' by Scott Cunningham

Purification, love, intellectual, protection uses.

Rosemary is vitalizing and used in healing rituals. Rosemary and Juniper burned together is a healing and recuperation incense; It aids mental powers when rubbed onto the temples, and also eases headaches in the same way. Wear a chaplet of rosemary to aid the memory- or drink rosemary tea just before a test or exam to ensure that the mind is fully awake. It also promotes prudence, common sense, and self-assurance; It is protective and purifying. Make a simple of Rosemary to cleanse the hands before working magic, if there's no time for a regular pre-ritual bath; Include a sprig in protection workings. It is often used to form a protection wreath, as well. When hung in any form it wards off thieves; Rosemary also has connections with the sea and so is used in sea rituals, and to ensure a safe water passage.

Many Witches also add a vase of fresh flowers and / or greens to give extra life to their Altars. This is an excellent idea, especially if you also insert a few sprigs of herbs appropriate to the rite- such as a little rosemary for a rite of protection.

'Magical Herbalism: The Secret Craft of the Wise' by Scott Cunningham

Rosemary is a tender perennial- or a plant that, while listed as a perennial, will not likely survive the winter season unless steps are taken to protect it from the cold; magical associations include protection, love, sleep, boosting psychic power, exorcism, and healing; classified as a masculine herb. Astrological correspondences include Uranus and the Sun, and the element is Fire.

Symbolizes remembrance. If burned, it has a powerful cleansing effect. Sprigs of rosemary may be worn or braided into hair to boost personal protection. It may also be used as a more affordable substitute for frankincense. A tea made from rosemary boosts psychic powers and opens the third eye. In the art of floriography Rosemary says “Your presence revives me!” and symbolizes fidelity, devotion, and good luck in the new year.

'Garden Witch's Herbal: Green Magick, Herbalism, and Spirituality' by Ellen Dugan

Rosemary has a strong and ancient association and has served as an Ally in many Endeavors. A bath made with the Leaves is much esteemed, and the powers of the flowers (if gathered in sufficient quantity) exceed that of the Leaves by a factor of three.

'Ars Philtron: Concerning the Aqueous Cunning of the Potion and Its Praxis in the Green Arte Magical' by Daniel Schulke

It was once said that “Where rosemary grows, the woman rules”- meaning the plant only flourished where the woman was the head of the household.

Herbs that require a longer germination period, such as rosemary, are great for starting indoors. Straw bales set around tender herbs such as rosemary provide insulation to help get them through the cold months. Remember, you can pot up herbs such as rosemary that might not survive outdoors and bring them inside for continuous use.

Use rosemary in all your favorite Mediterranean recipes, including stews, grilled and roasted meat dishes, sauces, and breads.

Rosemary has antibacterial properties and helps relieves stress.

In magick, Rosemary purifies and rejuvenates stagnant energies. Use it for remembrance, clarity, purification, protection, love, lust, fertility, and dispelling nightmares; rosemary has long been used in love spells and was worn in chaplets by medieval brides. Known also by the folk name “elf leaf”, it can be grown in the garden to attract Elves. And with its strong ties to the sea, use it in sea witchery. Rosemary also has a history with divination, funerary practices, and communication with the spirit world.

'A Year in the Enchanted Garden: Cultivating the Witch's Soul With Spells, Crafts, and Garden Know-How' by Monica Crosson

Beauty, communication, friendship, love, protection, purification, remembrance, and rest.

Burn Rosemary with Juniper to purify a room. Use Rosemary wiht Sage and Rue to cleanse and clear, and keep negativity away. Or it can be used as a was with Lemongrass and Burdock to scrub a new home of any energy and negativity left over from a previous owner. Lavender, Skullcap, and Rosemary as a Tea has an uplifting energy when you're feeling blue. Rosemary with Pine, Black Peppercorn, and Cayenne Pepper makes an effective Banishing Oil.

Doesn't tolerate temperatures below 20f. Easy to grow, but hates overwatering. Thrives in full sun and well draining soil. They can live for years and are easily propagated via cuttings. A border with Hyssop, Lavender, and Rosemary is an aromatic trio that will attract polinators.

Romans ised it as a charm against Evil. Greeks to improve brain function and memory. In the Middle Ages is was used to avert the Evil Eye. Mourners used it to repel Graveyard Spirits.

'Backyard Garden Witchery: Creating Magickal Space Outside Your Door' by Laurel Woodward

In ancient times Rosemary was an emblem of faithful remembrance and immortality. Ancient Egyptians used it in their Embalming practices and burried sprigs with their dead to protect their souls, as it was believes aromatics would keep Evil Spirits at may and exercise their harmful influence (especially during important rites of passage- such as during death). Greeks and Romans also carries Rosemary during funeral processions and burried their dead with it. They also wore crowns of Rosemary to improve memory.

In the Middle Ages through the eighteenth century, it was believed that smelling Rosemary on Christmas Ever would bring a year of good luck, health, and happiness. It was therefore used extensively on the floors of churches and dwellings at Christmastime, and it was hung alongside Holy and Ivy as decoration. It was considered one of the herbs present in the manger when Jesus was born. The pale blue flowers also attached it symbolically to Mary.

'Rosemary: The Herb of Ritual and Remembrance' by JSTOR Daily

Rosemary provided the base for many hair rinces, and is also used to help prevent baldness. It was also common as a rinse for dark hair, and to help prevent greying. It is still used in shampoos today to help with Dandruff. Rosemary was also used as a Tea for headaches, to clear the mind, and to strengthen weak hearts; a concoction of Orange, Bergamot, Lemon, and Rosemary in Alcohol was a particularly popular perfume (produced by Italian chemist Farina) in the 1700's.

Apples and Rosemary were a common Christmas decoration in the 18th century in Ripon, often carried by Choirboys and offered in exchange for payment.

It was also a symbol of fidelity in love and featured (along with Thyme) in marriage divinations performed on Saint Agnes' Night. On Halloween it was placed beneath the pillow instead to bring dreams of one's future Husband. Young Welsh men would tie sprigs of Rosemary with white ribbons and leave them at the bedroom windows of women they were interested in on May Day. Rosemary was, at one time, common decoration at weddings as a symbol of fidelity in love- and "Rosemary bound with Ribbons" was a token of a Bride's love for the Groom. Polish brides and grooms both wore small wreaths of Rosemary on their wedding day (it was blessed by the Priest and then carefully saved to be infused in their child's first bath). As late as 1700, marital beds were still being decorated with it, and it was still being prescribed for barenness of the womb.

It was used alongside Box as a funerary plant, and worn and carried as a symbol of remembrance for the dead at English funerals. In Lincolnshire it was customary to place it on the breast of the corpse. And before Poppies, it was one of the original symbols for Armistice Day ceremonies.

In parts of Spain it was worn as an antidote to the Evil Eye. Its association with Mary in particular led to it being planted near the house "so that no witch could harm you". In Jamaica it was a banishing herb for haunting spirits. It was a protector against diseases as well, even as a charm- especially against the plague in Sarajevo; a remedy for illenss caushed by witchcraft included Balm, Rosemary, and Gold flowers together in a bag on the patient's breast- and the same mixed with Ale and their own blood, taken internally.

In Portugal and Sicily it is "a fairy plant". Alongside Sage and Lavender, a flourishing Rosemary plant shows that "The Mistress of the house is the Master". In French Floriography it meant Rejeuvenation and the power of rekingling lost energy. So much as smelling it was sometimes believed to preserve one's youth.

'Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Lore' by Donald Watts

There is no satisfactory evidence showing Rosemary was actually grown in England prior to the reign of Edward III; it was apparently introduced to Britain during the fourteenth century. At least one document states the date of introduction was 1338, a second manuscript implies the same date, and a third suggests "about 1342", adding: "Before that time was never rosemary known in England".

'Mediaeval Plantsmanship in England: The Culture of Rosemary' by John Harvey

A postpartum vaginal steam protocol used by the Moroccan midwives in the traditional communal bathhouses may use Rosemary as one of many herbs that may provide support. Postpartum body care is also extended in the form of massages and hands-on bodywork. Olive oil infused with supportive herbs like rosemary is used to support massage and healing for child and birther alike.

'The Land in Our Bones: Plantcestral Herbalism and Healing Cultures from Syria to the Sinai; Earth-based Pathways To Ancestral Stewardship and Belonging In Diaspora' by Layla Feghali